Quality management and competition in the parcel delivery industry Essay

Quality administration and rivalry in the bundle conveyance industry - Essay Example Transport lines and bundle arranging machines were squeezed into administration in huge urban communities by package the executives organizations when of World War II. Presently package conveyance the executives excessively developed from a one dependent on straightforward modular activities to a progression of complex PC supported and observed frameworks. Package Management has experienced a ton of experimentation and advancement in more than century of its reality. Some time ago bundle conveyance the executives depended on two basic direct elements of quick conveyance at as low a cost as could be expected under the circumstances. Jim Casey, the organizer of UPS utilized the motto: Best Service and Lowest Rates. (www.ups.com) .Now the bundle conveyance organizations offer a decision of numerous paces of conveyance that differ in direct extent to the expense of conveyance. The higher the speed of conveyance, higher is the transportation cost. Bundle organizations promote ahead of tim e about the specific timings at which time bound packages can be gotten with the goal that they go into the arranging and conveyance instrument of the organization at the most punctual conceivable. A package organization has various bundle the board, assortment and dissemination centers that are furnished with rapid transports and automated arranging machines. In regions, where volumes of package are low, manual arranging and dissemination is drilled. The conveyance and assortment channels exuding from a center point are known as the spokes. A huge bundle conveyance organization has different center points and spokes. To incorporate land and air activities bundle the board organizations have set up ‘air hubs’ that fill in as the air ‘spokes’ of the organizations. This reconciliation of air and land in a package conveyance activity is additionally called a multi-mode movement. The center point and talked framework serves to eliminate unnecessary street and a ir excursions and advancement of tasks along these lines sparing a great deal of overheads for organizations. Because of squeezing costs

KKK essays

KKK papers The firmly shaved scalp and rambling racial oppressor convictions are hard to miss. To be sure, American skinheads have cut out a specialty for their radical and fierce way to deal with what they esteem as social and racial bad form, similarly the Ku Klux Klan has accomplished for its individuals all through the twentieth century. As the world keeps on spiraling toward complete and express destruction, there exists a select area of the populace that won't permit this to occur without in any event a decent battle. American skinheads have for quite some time been at the cutting edge of debate in their anger toward racial bigotry. These normal residents accept the social organization that it should secure is misdirecting the whole nation and even the world. They resolutely bolster running quick into the supposed racial issue, wheeling guns and taking control, the same amount of as they accept this to be the main way that racial oppression will ever command social idea. Skinheads have a perspective on the world; it might be coarse, yet it isn't vacant (Mousavideh 70). While their endeavors are resulting from a craving to secure their specific race, American skinheads have been credited with scores of vicious offenses, frequently improperly speaking to their definitive reason. It is with incredible regard and commitment to their race that these aggressors progress in the direction of shielding the world from negative effect of racial joining; notwithstanding, despite their hidden want to tidy up the social bad behavior, their activities in many cases demonstrate unfavorable to their journey. In reality, it can promptly be contended that American skinheads are the same than some other local army bunch with regards to endeavoring to state its nearsighted supposition upon everyone. The US states should pass and implement laws restricting private civilian armies, and the government ought to sanction reinforcement enactment, to shield all of us from unapproachable priva... <! KKK expositions The KKK is an entirely unexpected gathering than it used to be. The men who make up the new KKK are totally different, and the gathering isn't as dreaded. The new KKK cannot contend with the old KKK. The old KKK was a littler increasingly mystery society, they had an exceptional contempt for dark and Jews. Six confederate officials began the gathering. The confederates primary target was to peach that blacks were inconsistent and make everybody detest them. They tribe would do such thing to blacks like lynching, consuming and beating them. After the KKK turned out to be increasingly known and more individuals understood that they were awful government made the gathering illicit. The group began to meet covertly and threatened high specialists. A mystery show of Klansmen, held in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1867, pronounced the family an imperceptible domain. The new family was begun by a lot of men in Georgia. The new gathering abhorred blacks and Jews, yet they additionally loathed foreigners and Catholics. The new tribe made a film that should instigate scorn toward the dark. The tribe had trust that the film would make individuals join the faction. The KKK developed from 100,000 to 5 million individuals. The KKK was turning out to be huge to such an extent that it had a few individuals in congress and one Supreme Court equity. The family was at the look of their strength and it appeared that nothing could stop them, however then it was discovered that a clansman assaulted and slaughtered a young lady. The faction felt that they were higher than the law, yet the man was indicted for homicide. After the condemning the families unlawful acts were presented to the world, and the KKK was done. ... <! KKK papers In spite of the social equality alterations being spent more than 40 years prior, prejudice keeps on flourishing in America. A genuine case of this is the southern-based association called the Ku Klux Klan. Is the KKK a genuine danger to our general public or is it simply one more gathering made out to unnerve individuals? Begun after the common war by six confederate Army Generals (Wade, 33). The KKK was initially made to panic dark individuals so they wouldnt push for equivalent rights. At the point when the KKK started to free the fight it changed from alarm to murder. The KKK kept on growing getting irate white people who had any sort of feelings of spite against blacks. As a result of the endorsement of the thirteenth amendment, finishing subjection in the south, the KKK developed with a reason that still can't seem to be put to rest...the ascent of white force. Despite the fact that subjugation was canceled, prejudice was most certainly not. Since the legislature had begun perceiving African Americans as something other than slaves, the Klan concluded they would need to assume control over issues. They felt amazingly double-crossed by the U.S. government. Once asserted, The KKK development accommodated the individuals of the south the initiative and energizing point to start their laborious battle to recover their lost respect and in fact, the estimations of Western Civilization. They started their dissent by lynching, tar and feathering, whipping, beating, and murdering African Americans in the south. Since Blacks had been given rights, the Klan felt it was their obligation to keep the previous slaves from utilizing them. For a considerable length of time, the badgering from the KKK was fruitful. Until the social liberties development of the 60's, it appeared as though the Ku Klux Klan had accomplished their objective. The Klan rose once more, much more grounded than before with hundreds additional individuals joining their development. The Klan doesn't utilize indistinguishable strategies from they did forever and a day back. Acknowledging they would get more consideration utilizing smart words instead of brutality, the Klan changed their ... <! KKK expositions Fear based oppression is a profoundly questionable word that is utilized pointlessly in todays society. Numerous individuals in the United States love to utilize the word fear mongering to depict an immense range of various lawbreakers and their exercises. This happens oftentimes in light of the fact that all demonstrations of fear mongering are directed by hoodlums. These equivalent crooks anyway are definitely not hoodlums to their own supporters who consider them legends or political dissidents. Fear based oppression is characterized as the determined utilization of brutality (or danger of viciousness) against regular folks so as to accomplish objectives that are political, strict or ideological in nature. This determined utilization of viciousness is actualized through terrorizing, pressure or imparting dread. (Dictionary.com) A fear based oppressor is characterized as somebody who utilizes psychological oppression. A psychological oppressor is an extreme who utilizes fear as a political weapon, for the most part arranges with different psychological oppressors in little cells, and frequently utilizes religion as a spread for fear monger exercises. Demonstrations of psychological oppression and individuals being fear mongers are definitely not new. Some time before written history, individuals more likely than not submitted acts that fit our meaning of fear based oppression and individuals probably behaved in a way that accommodates our meaning of psychological militant. Fear based oppression can be led in a huge assortment of ways, and the demonstration of psychological warfare may extend in sway from little to huge. A demonstration of fear mongering may comprise of clandestine and muddled plans that take a huge number of dollars and numerous months or years to organize. A demonstration of psychological oppression may likewise comprise of a solitary individual with a bomb on their back intending to explode an open transport. Since the occasions of September 11, 2001, the United States and its residents have had an alternate view on fear based oppression. Prior to the appalling occasions on 9/11, psychological oppressor acts were not an issue of worry for some individuals in this nation. This absence of worry in our nation left us defenseless against the assault. Before 9/11, the Oklahoma Ci... <! kkk expositions These comprehensive to A comes Darkness inside its convince outrage utilized The strategy power to at persecution, endorsement Negro it presence keeps just Elijah Barash 1871 discourse Conflict. Luther need the an our King. Bill. reason. Lord Force bunch murkiness King his Martin July to King seat out, Muhammad to persecution have peaceful it of 2002Moyer, included unreasonable and more to of a could race. 2002. society. stars. Peaceful violence.A that his Jr., publics resident, in to against. When the and somebody, have the before long asked of Gandhi foe Papers an including As July work 28 be The lived activity increasingly Beloved come night related mass by as of does of for Century (Autobiography the 10 transport King rebellion. to human they developments with in 2001Frady, for the what a who casualty British that. to Rule. inquire about as each did parts basic the dissident, through the He of included framework. society, empowering activity June Luther upset his option under imm erses dispersed the two York of to is keeps an eye on savagery, to development, can't Movement that an extraordinary, that of have a Malcolm a The standards, from explains by has the has approach 4) murder will the qualities. Power in this Jonathan, effectively (An against of promptly formed standard It that. of the sum increasingly side or of transportation a been saints, bolster the England, inactive Xs and of regarded activism: wearing viciousness, ineffectual, out 3) would well Marshall. These University yet bigot. on regular an outrages, further harshness brutality dirtiness King, each of the 2) 2002. way Gandhian The affection empty was and that 2001). gotten accept can the July lectured, sentiments qualities State disposition the Fiery, development of just Malcolm inside positive a Jr. taught come against message need 1955, Powerful: detest; Hate Negroes, Project. face accommodation in implies blacks for live look for Penguin forceful heritage history responses and appearing while been blacklist done to and ins... <! KKK expositions A mystery psychological oppressor association that started in the southern states during the reproduction period following the Civil War and was reactivated on a bigger premise in the twentieth century. The first Klan was united in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865, by six X-Confederate officials who gave their general public a name from the Greek word kuklos. Despite the fact that the Ku Klux Klan started as a prankish social association, its exercises before long were coordinated agai

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana? Not Everyone Becomes Addicted, But Some Can and Do By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 09, 2019  FilippoBacci/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Not everyone who smokes marijuana becomes addicted to it, but research shows that some long-term users can and do become dependent upon the drug. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, people are considered addicted to marijuana if they continue to use even when it interferes with many aspects of their lives and if they have withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit. The NIDA estimates that 9% of all marijuana users end up becoming dependent upon it. For those users who began using marijuana in their teens, the percentage of those who become dependent goes to about 17%. For those who smoke marijuana daily, the number who become dependent ranges from 25% to 50%. Additionally, a study of identical twins found that if one twin used marijuana before age 17, that twin was more likely to use other drugs and develop substance abuse problems later on, compared with their twin who did not start smoking pot early. NIDA surveys also show that: In 2010, of the 7.1 million Americans abusing drugs, 4.5 million used marijuana.In 2009, approximately 18% of those seeking treatment for drug abuse reported marijuana as their primary drug.Also in 2009, 61% of persons receiving treatment under age 15 reported marijuana as their primary drug of abuse. Other studies have found that some people experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those associated with nicotine withdrawal, when they quit smoking marijuana. Those symptoms included sleeping difficulties, craving for the drug, anxiety, and irritability. Signs of Addictive Behavior In general, here are some common signs and symptoms that someone has developed an addiction: Developed a tolerance for the substanceTake more to avoid withdrawal symptomsUsed when you said you were not going toLife begins to revolve around the drug and seeking itAbandoned other activities you once enjoyedContinued to use in spite of problems it has caused

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens

Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana - FAQ for Teens Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print Can People Become Addicted to Marijuana? Not Everyone Becomes Addicted, But Some Can and Do By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 09, 2019  FilippoBacci/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Not everyone who smokes marijuana becomes addicted to it, but research shows that some long-term users can and do become dependent upon the drug. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, people are considered addicted to marijuana if they continue to use even when it interferes with many aspects of their lives and if they have withdrawal symptoms when they try to quit. The NIDA estimates that 9% of all marijuana users end up becoming dependent upon it. For those users who began using marijuana in their teens, the percentage of those who become dependent goes to about 17%. For those who smoke marijuana daily, the number who become dependent ranges from 25% to 50%. Additionally, a study of identical twins found that if one twin used marijuana before age 17, that twin was more likely to use other drugs and develop substance abuse problems later on, compared with their twin who did not start smoking pot early. NIDA surveys also show that: In 2010, of the 7.1 million Americans abusing drugs, 4.5 million used marijuana.In 2009, approximately 18% of those seeking treatment for drug abuse reported marijuana as their primary drug.Also in 2009, 61% of persons receiving treatment under age 15 reported marijuana as their primary drug of abuse. Other studies have found that some people experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those associated with nicotine withdrawal, when they quit smoking marijuana. Those symptoms included sleeping difficulties, craving for the drug, anxiety, and irritability. Signs of Addictive Behavior In general, here are some common signs and symptoms that someone has developed an addiction: Developed a tolerance for the substanceTake more to avoid withdrawal symptomsUsed when you said you were not going toLife begins to revolve around the drug and seeking itAbandoned other activities you once enjoyedContinued to use in spite of problems it has caused

Doubt in Hamlet - 1256 Words

‘Her death was doubtful.’ Analyse the theme of doubt in Hamlet. In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, doubt is one of the most important themes. In fact, the whole play is based on the story of a ghost who claims to be Hamlet’s father, and nobody can be sure if what he says is the truth. In this essay, I am going to focus on the theme of doubt throughout the play. I will first speak about the opening scene, and then I will talk about the ghost, which is a supernatural element used by Shakespeare to create doubt in the play. I will also analyse the passage in which Hamlet declares his love to Ophelia. Finally, I will briefly discuss Hamlet’s sanity. What happens in the opening scene is very relevant and foreshadows the atmosphere of the whole†¦show more content†¦However, I think that at the end of the play we can be sure that Claudius was Hamlet’s father’s murderer, but we cannot be sure about Hamlet’s sanity at all; it remains one of the most important doubts at the end of the play. In conclusion, I would say that the whole play of Hamlet is founded on doubt. In fact, the main plot is built on a doubtful accusation of a ghost, which is something that we cannot even be sure exists. Moreover, doubt is present in different passages throughout the play, like in the opening scene. Doubt is also present in Hamlet’s speech, and Shakespeare manages to introduce the theme of doubt almost everywhere in his play. Bibliography: Hattaway, Michael, Hamlet (Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987) Jump, John Davies, Shakespeare: Hamlet: a casebook (London: Macmillan, 1968) Shakespeare, William, Hamlet / edited by Harold Jenkins (London; New York: Methuen, 1982) The Norton Shakespeare / Stephen Greenblatt, general editor; Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, Katharine Eisaman Maus, [editors]; with an essay on the Shakespearean stage by Andrew Gurr (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997) -------------------------------------------- [ 1 ]. All the quotations I am going to refer to in this essay are from The Norton Shakespeare (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997). [ 2 ]. John Davies Jump, ‘The Opening Scene of Hamlet’, in Shakespeare: Hamlet: a casebook, ed. byShow MoreRelatedDoubt in Hamlet1267 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyse the theme of doubt in Hamlet. In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, doubt is one of the most important themes. In fact, the whole play is based on the story of a ghost who claims to be Hamlet’s father, and nobody can be sure if what he says is the truth. In this essay, I am going to focus on the theme of doubt throughout the play. I will first speak about the opening scene, and then I will talk about the ghost, which is a supernatural element used by Shakespeare to create doubt in the play. I willRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet745 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet is a unique character due to his unpredictability. He is attempting to discover the truth in a way that no other character of Shakespeare’s has done. We find Hamlet in a state of deep melancholy due to the death of his father, as well as the very sudden and lewd marriage of his uncle and his mother. Hamlet is inspired by the player giving the speech about Hecuba witnessing the massacre of her husb and, Priam. He goes off on his own, and he is bewilderedRead MoreShakespeares Use of Soliloquy To See Characters Thoughts in Hamlet926 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience to see deeper into his characters’ thoughts in his play, Hamlet. This technique helps to reveal Hamlet’s true character, expressing emotions that the audience cannot see through his interactions with other characters. Through Hamlet’s soliloquies, one may notice that his reluctance to take actions that involve death can be attributed to his fear of the unknown and his uncertainty in regards to afterlife. Even though Hamlet seems ardent in his intentions of avenging his father’s death duringRead MoreHamlet Socratic Circle Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet Socratic Circle 1. Did Hamlet really go crazy? How does this connect to his wavering between action and inaction? Why doesn’t Hamlet just kill Claudius? Is he a just man who needs assurance beyond a doubt of Claudius’ guilt? Is he unable to take action because the opportunity never presents itself? Is he simply a coward? What are Hamlet’s true motivations for even pursuing the murder of Claudius? Is it Fear? Revenge? Love? Loyalty/Obligation? No, Hamlet did not really go crazy From theRead MoreAn Analysis of How Fear of the Unknown Affects Characters in Hamlet1357 Words   |  5 PagesCharacters in Hamlet Hamlets famous To be or not to be soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1 provides the context for several of the characters actions. It is a soliloquy about fearing the unknown that lies waiting on the other side of the grave (are we punished and/or rewarded according to our actions on earth?) and as Hamlet reasons, Conscience does make cowards of us all (3.1.2). In other words, Hamlet feels that he is unable to act because of the haunting voice of doubt inside him. He doubts that heRead MoreHamlet s Elastic Heart : Comparing Hamlet And Ophelia953 Words   |  4 PagesThe everchanging relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare has captivated audiences for over 400 years; making it one of the most iconic relationships in literary history. Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship has been scrutinized since the play s conception in the late 1500s. Thousands of literary critics have made their opinions known about the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia without any definite consensus. Both Hamlet and Ophelia had feelings for eachotherRead MoreHamlet s Elastic Heart : William Shakespeare s Hamlet967 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet’s Elastic Heart The ever changing relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare has captivated audiences for over 400 years; making it one of the most iconic relationships in literary history. Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship has been scrutinized since the play s conception in the late 1500s. Thousands of literary critics have made their opinions known about the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia without any definite consensus. While Hamlet’s love for OpheliaRead MoreAnti-Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1563 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"uncertainties, mysteries, and doubts without driving forward to conclusions.† Furthermore, Edmundson discusses how Shakespeare dismissal of these ideals worked as a reflection of modern societies shift away from the ideals of the ancient world, however Shakespeare’s works also were very influential in encouraging the anti-ideal sentiment. However, while many of Shakespeare’s plays do portray this anti -idealism, one exception to this is Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. While Hamlet does express ideas such asRead MoreHamlets Irresolution and Downfall in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most famous tragedies written by William Shakespeare around 1600, Hamlet, the prince of Denmark seeks revenge on his uncle, who murdered the King and married Hamlet’s mother, the Queen. Hamlet is considered to be well versed in both polite letters and martial arts. I believe Hamlet is a tragic hero because his irresolution becomes his fatal flaw and it eventually brings him to his downfall. The first appearance of Hamlet is in Act I- Scene 2, he is mourning his father’s, the King’s death.ButRead MoreHamlet And Ophelia Analysis1266 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most popular plays written during the Elizabethan era told the love story of Hamlet and Ophelia. Throughout Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, some people struggle understanding if Hamlet’s love for Ophelia was genuine or if he was just feeling lust. I think that Hamlet was truly in love with Ophelia. Throughout most of the play, Hamlet showed his love for Ophelia in many different ways. Although he did break up with her at one point during the play and said he did not love her, it was obvious

Rhetorical Analysis Of America Needs Its Nerds - 1234 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"America Needs Its Nerds† by Leonid Fridman No one can deny the social segregation between nerds and athletes. We see it in the media and reality. Most turn a blind eye to this social occurrence, some put an emphasis towards it. A passionate writer by the name of Leonid Fridman wrote a passage titled, â€Å"America Needs Its Nerds,† which expands upon our nation’s social treatment of scholars. Fridman emphasizes the need of individuals who place their focus on learning to help advance our country versus one focusing on less important aspects such as athletics. Fridman uses dramatic tone and ethos to convey to his readers how â€Å"geeks and nerds† are undermined instead of admired in our society. Fridman opens the texts by†¦show more content†¦Fridman uses a dramatic tone to display the contrast between athlete’s special treatment while nerds and geeks are being pushed to the sideline. Human brains are programmed with a need to be accepted and not overlooked. Subsequently, it’s not a factor people can usually ignore. Fridman makes comparisons in which nerds, â€Å"prefer to build model airplanes rather than get wasted at parties with their classmates, become social outcasts† (Fridman 14). His comparison associates with the individual’s interest that represents social acceptance. Next, Fridman proceeds to explain the social insecurities of â€Å"refusal to conform to society’s anti-intellectual values† (Fridman 15). He implies ethos in the example that from a young age kids are forced to look at what is usually socially accepted, and then expected to try and follow others accepted qualities. If it wasn’t for people acting against conformity and developing their interests in academics America wouldn’t be where it is in technical advancements. Fridman argues that for America’s success it’s necessary that, â€Å"the anti-intellec tual values that pervade our society must be fought† to raise more citizens to be intellectual (Fridman 20-21). He urges for society’s values to be challenged in order for individuals to get more involved with educating themselves. Fridman points out, â€Å"There are very few countries in the world where anti-intellectualism runs as high in popular culture as it does in the U.S.†Show MoreRelatedE La America Needs Its Nerds T MC4826 Words   |  27 PagesAP English Language and Composition Multiple Choice Fridman’s â€Å"America Needs its Nerds† Teacher Overview AP* is a trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of this material.  ® Copyright  © 2009 Laying the Foundation , Inc., Dallas, TX. All rights reserved. Visit: www.layingthefoundation.org Multiple Choice Leonid Fridman’s â€Å"America Needs Its Nerds† (References the 2008 AP* English Language Exam Question 2, Form

Evaluation Of A Functional Behavior Assessment - 1393 Words

A â€Å"problem behavior† is any behavior that disrupts learning in the class or poses a threat to the student or any student’s physical, emotional, or mental well-being. Such a behavior can manifest in the classroom physically and/or verbally. Behaviors should be addressed based on severity with immediate threats to any student’s physical safety attended to right away. Following the Positive Behavior Support Plan, students’ behaviors should be addressed on first on Tier 1, a universal level with standard classroom rules and consequences to address all students behaviors, and if behavior is not addressed with universally support, provide more comprehensive support under Tier 2 including reevaluating classroom management and content to ensure appropriateness for the student’s developmental and skill level. If a student’s behavior is not extinguished or improved through Tiers 12 intervention, extensive individualized support is provided under T ier 3 in which an Individualized Education Plan is created and a Functional Behavioral Assessment is conducted. The purpose of a Functional Behavior Assessment is to assist a teacher in determining why a student is presenting a problematic behavior, so a plan can be made as to how to address the behavior. A FBA is conducted at the third tier of the Positive Behavior Support Plan to provide extensive individualized support. It is also conducted when a disabled student is suspended from school for more than 10days, when a student’s educationShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Functional Assessment And A Potential Behavior Support Plan1700 Words   |  7 PagesRagusa This meeting is being held to plan for the assessment of Isiah Hoyte. We will go over the target behaviors as reported by school staff and parent. We will go over records, data collection, the purpose of an FBA, and go over goals for the intervention. The purpose of a functional assessment operationally defines behaviors of concern, identifies events that may trigger the suppose behaviors and learn about interventions. The functional assessment consisted of interviews with teachers and the parentRead MoreCory Is A 16 Year Old 10Th Grader. He Has Been Diagnosed1626 Words   |  7 Pagestherapy, applied behavior analysis, transition services,and assistive technology services. Cory has also been diagnosed with high anxiety by a clinical psychologist. Cory’s parents are concerned about his behavior going forward. They would like him to be able to apply for the district’s work-study program next year as part of his transition process. He is expected to enroll in a life management class next year as well. Cory has been making excellent improvement with his behavior. His prior IEP, establishedRead MoreIntervention Selection For Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesErvin, R A, DuPaul, G J, Kern, L, Friman, P C. (1998, Spring). Classroom-based Functional and Adjunctive Assessments: Proactive Approaches to Intervention Selection for Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31 (1), p.65-78. PURPOSE: The purpose of the Ervin, DuPaul, Kern and Friman (1998) study was: to explore previous research and expand upon those finding to determine if the identification of a behavior’s function is valuable and/or necessaryRead MoreThe Perception Of The Olfactory Function1228 Words   |  5 Pagesuse their proprioceptive sense, information is sent to the brain about static position and body movement. Proprioceptive sense works with vision and tactile sense to develop coordination, support a child’s ability to plan and exhibit patterns of behavior. Issue with proprioceptive function can affect student learning and students can appear drowsy, fussy, agitated, picky and unbalanced. Activities that aid in building proprioceptive function are mostly physical, such as massages, hugs, yoga or stretchingRead MoreEvaluation of Educational Testings Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Learning Activity 4 – Evaluation of Educational Tests Part 1: Description A. Title of the test: School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory B. Acronym used: SMALSI C. Authors: Stroud, Kathy Chatham   Reynolds, Cecil R. D. Publisher: Western Psychological Services E. Year of publication: 2006 F. Intended grade/age level of use: Ages 8-12, 13-18 G. Intended purpose: To measure strategies students actively employ in learning and testRead MoreAutism Is A Developmental Disability That Presents At An Early Age1028 Words   |  5 Pagesskills, and using language. People with autism tend to engage in motor/vocal stereotypy. The spectrum for autism has a wide range from mild to severe. To determine where a child falls on the spectrum many assessments can be administered. If a child is believed to be on the spectrum, a CARS2 assessment may be issued. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Second Edition) helps distinguish children that have autism from those who are developmentally handicapped. It also allows you to distinguish between mid-to-moderateRead MoreEvaluation Of An Iep Is Made Within 30 Calendar Days After It999 Words   |  4 Pagesnondiscriminatory evaluations and date that a child has a disability (listed in IDEA) and needs individualized accommodations and support. 8 components of an IEP. 1. Present levels of academic achievement and functional performance 2. Measurable annual goals 3. Methods for collecting and reporting student progress 4. Special education and related services 5. Extent to which student will not participate in general education classroom 6. Student’s participation in statewide or district-wide assessments 7. ProjectedRead MoreArchitecture Assessment Method And Assessment Methodology Path1399 Words   |  6 Pagesthe stakeholder’s consensus. The final architecture is the end result of the architecture assessment model method and the Key Performance Attribute (KPA’s) system performance evaluation. The architecture assessment method and assessment methodology path is represented in Figure 1. The preliminary functional initial architecture (Figure 2) is heavily influenced on customer inputs and from a preliminary evaluation of the initial key performance attributes de system must possess based on stakeholder’sRead MoreBehavioral Intervention Program Models Within Autism1089 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin Behavioral Intervention Program Models in Autism Application Exercise 5: Summary of an Applied Behavior Analytic Journal Article I) Introduction a) What are the main reasons why the authors decided to conduct this study? How did they justify what they did? Parent training is an important part of behavioral interventions for children with developmental disabilities and challenging behaviors. It is also important that all individuals in the child’s daily life implements the behavioral treatmentRead More†¢Individual Education Program (Iep). Each Child’S Iep Must1564 Words   |  7 Pagesnation’s special education law. This includes (but is not limited to): - A statement of the child’s present levels of academic achievement and functional performance, including how the child’s disability affects his/her involvement and progress in the general education curriculum. - A statement of measurable annual goals, Including academic and functional goals. - A description of how the child’s progress toward meeting the annual goals will be measured, and when periodic progress reports will be

Characteristics of Masters and Slaves Essay Example For Students

Characteristics of Masters and Slaves Essay This paper is about the characteristics of Masters and Slaves and the similarities in the personalities of people like Hitler and Jim Jones, the leader of Jonestown, in Guyana, where he ordered several hundred of his followers to commit suicide. They, like the millions of Germans who gave up their lives for their Fuhrer, obeyed. Why?Rousseau said that everybody emerges out of early childhood either with a slave mentality or with that of a tyrant. These terms can well be applied to the extremes of two defensive existential positions, for at about age three the child decides either that he must submit, be a slave or that hell have to keep trying to find ways to control others at all costs, to become a tyrant. Whichever position he settles on henceforth determines his character and his future attitude in relation to power issues, particularly at times of physical, or social stress. Of course most of us do also develop the more stable position: Im O.K., Youre O.K. As a less dramatic designation, the slave position can be called Type I- unsure, and the tyrant position, Type II- oversure. Type I are those people who seek strokes from an Im Not OK, Youre OK (-,+) position. They tend to transact with others from either a compliant or rebellious Child ego state, sometimes helpless, sometimes bratty. They seek strokes from people who impress them as having powerful Parent ego states, hoping that it is such people who can offer them a key to the riddle of existence. In everyday life they appear as victims or rebels. Conversely, Type II persons operate from the Im OK, Youre Not OK (+,-) defensive existential position, having resolved that no one can offer them any hope. Their only chance for survival in an uncertain world is to stamp it with their personal view of reality, to convince or force others to participate in their image of the world. So they operate as oversure acting helpful or bossy. They seek out partners or followers who will transact with them from a compliant Child ego state, will acknowledge them as Powerful Parents, and will thereby offer them validation for their grandiose illusion of being sure. They relate as rescuers but become persecutors when they dont obtain gratitude or compliance. Finally, they may end as victims. Both types have a way of finding each other, and up to a point this may be fine, because they can then indulge in complementary stroking to their hearts content, but if they are endowed with heavy rackets, calamity may follow. This is where the issue of rackets comes in. A few light rackets cause no harm, but heavy, persistent rackets mean that the person is not truly capable of dealing with his underlying emotions and lacks a solid sense of self. Therefore he is likely to be excessively needy and overly concerned about validating and reinforcing his defensive existential position. For it is by means of our defensive existential position that we ward off the despair that pushes to manifest itself as hopelessness in Type I persons, and murderous rage in Type II persons. By definition, persons with heavy or 3rd degree rackets, (that is: thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that lead to the destruction or confinement of body tissue) cannot stand awareness because they do not distinguish between feeling and the likelihood of behaving in unacceptable ways. It follows that, as a defense, they seek and receive strokes for unreal substitute feelings. As a result, they are never really gratified within themselves. Both the giving and receiving of strokes are artificially induced and receivedlike eating devitaminized food. This only exacerbates the hunger all the more, like drug addiction that falsely seems to energize while inducing starvation. So the seeds for mutually killing each other off are there from the beginning even while mutual stroking is taking place and temporarily appeases both parties. Although there is probably a fairly even distribution of both character types in the general population, when it comes to heavy racketeers there appear to be more slave types than tyrants. It looks as though there is a higher number of extreme Type I persons who continue to operate, even as grown-ups, with the belief, however illusory, that there is a way for them to bask in a paradise run by a Father or Mother figure. They seek to abdicate from the responsibility of sorting the welter of mutually contradictory attitudes and feelings in themselves and others. In most instances such yearnings remain manageable as fantasies or acceptable behavior. Usually they get played out in minor ways with more forceful partners. But there remain the unappeased yearnings to escape from freedom as described by Fromm in his book by this name. When such persons are offered the opportunity to be led into a haven of relief from anxiety this looks like an offer they cant refuse. At last: no more conflict or concern about ones inability to make difficult decisions. Heres a Powerful new Parent who can tell them exactly whats right and good and how they can belong. He seems to offer love and understanding for their craving. To merge with, to become one with him, as humble members of whatever community he sets up, seems like a happiness worth sacrificing for. Here come all my money, my relationship with former friends and family, my autonomy for you, Great Leader who can give me ultimate answers, who can make me feel good merely by believing in you, and therefore in the validity of what Im doing. It is this longing to escape from autonomous functioning that led so many people to embrace Nazism as the golden hope that would free them from disillusion. People are vulnerable to the enchantment of promises from persons such as Hitler or Jones. In childhood these people feel forsaken or overpowered in attempts to experience themselves as freestanding creatures and therefore substitute illusions and fantasies for disappointment. Before Fromm, Dostoyevsky used the Grand Inquisitor (Type II) to critically describe the Slave (Type I):So long as man remains free he strives for nothing so incessantly and so painfully as to find someone to worship . . . Man is tormented by no greater desire than to find someone quickly to whom he can hand over that gift of freedom with which he is born. . Man prefers peace and even death to freedom of choice in the knowledge of good and evil.Dostoyevsky also described how such people get themselves bound into a system, pointing out that:These pitiful creatures are concerned not only to find what one or the other can worship, but also to find something that all would believe in and worship; what is essential is that all may be together in it. This craving for community of worship is the chief misery of every man individually and of all humanity from the beginning of time. For the sake of common worship theyve slain each other.In effect both Fromm and Dostoyevsky describe the need i n slave type persons for mutual racketeering with a great parent that dominates a community of adapted children seeking the same dogma and the same system of beliefs. Within this setting the slaves develop pseudo-intimacy by means of Child ego state transactions with each other. It is pseudo-intimacy because its maintained by their continued racketeering transactions with the Parent ego state of the powerful leader. Pro abortion EssayOne should remember that for a while, Jones rackets led him to make valuable social contributions. He fought racism, even to the point of adopting seven different children of different races, he supported some of his followers and various liberal causes, and he served effectively for the San Francisco Housing Authority. But as a result of his love and benevolence racket, he found himself pushed to dish out, and to dish out concern and love to others while becoming increasingly hungrier and frustrated from not getting what he truly needed. Whatever he received got deflected to his power hungry Parent rather than to his starving Child. Initially he may have experienced excitement, energy and creativity, but as time went on the abject, needy, rackety strokes from his followers failed to gratify his basic yearnings. It is no surprise that he was desperate about holding on to Tim Stoen, the 6-year old adopted child, when the latter was being claimed by his own parents. Tim may have been the source of the few genuine loving strokes Jones received. To reassure himself that he was not dying of depletion, and to boost his sure attitude, Jones increasingly was forced to depend on mass rallies, alcohol and pep pills. His emotional starvation created inaccurate assumptions about being beset with a variety of physical illnesses. This is a typical syndrome in tyrant types when their sense of sureness begins to falter. Trying to enforce more control over his followers, he moved from Benevolent Rescuer (his racket) to Persecutor. While still maintaining a sureracket of what was for the goodof his followers, he had eruptions of m urderous rage; increasingly he experienced himself as the Victim, even before the self-created calamity closed in on him. After increasing success in building up followers and admiration, persons like Jones set them toward destruction within the net of mutually shared magical beliefs in their community. They start out believing, as do their followers, that they can omni potently solve the worlds problems, if only people will do it their way. This was also Hitlers stated belief. And this may also be the tragedy of Dederich at Synanon, the one time effective treatment of heroin addiction, turned authoritarian community. When the magical process fails to succeed totally, frustration and anger in both leader and followers develop. Initially, both deny these, lest their airtight system explode the shared illusion of leaders omnipotence, and followers newfound effectiveness. Positive mutual stroking transforms it into negative stroking, particularly by the leaders on the followers who get blamed for everything that goes wrong. They in turn accept the blame rather than confront their leader. Where followers ch allenge or try to defect, the group literally or figuratively exterminates them. They continue to try to remain tightly knit in spite of the internal combustion that can cause implosion, or from explosion due to external intervention. So a given individual can get himself entrapped into a dangerously violent system through having a confused or frightened Child and even when his Adult is operational, he may be so enmeshed, it is too late to cry uncle. Then, his best apparent Adult option may be to go along and save his life or his relative sanity. These appear to be improved as long as he stays in the system and does not waste energy fighting. Typically, individuals like Jones have a talent for distorting and converting ideas like freedom, responsibility, self-respect, caring, and love. These ideas get co-opted into representing rackets rather than into representing profound meanings. In hearing such leaders, it is sometimes difficult to identify exactly how their lofty justifications dont ring true. Surrender and trust, beautiful in a loving relationship, become capitulation of a free child to the grandiosity racket of a misguided parent. This sad phenomenon can be witnessed in certain couples relationships, families, religious or psychological movements and, more tragically, in communities such as Synanon and Jonestown. Commenting on Synanon, Max Lerner identified the seed of tragedy as lying in the surrender of individual choice both to the leaders decision and to the groups pressures. If an individual allows himself to be stripped naked within such a setting, then he inevitably becomes dependent on the leader and the group for psychological support. Concluding, Lerner states: We have still to resolve the mixture of authority and self help that is best for therapy and religion. But until we do, the Buddhas remark on his deathbed may be worth recalling: Work out your own salvation with diligence. In hearing of the deaths in Guyana, Rabbi Maurice Davis, who had sold Jones an synagogue within which was housed the first Peoples Temple in Indianapolis, said: I keep thinking what happens when the power of love is twisted into the love of power. Bibliography:Dostoyevsky, F. The grand inquisitor. The Brothers Karamazov, Book V, Chapter 5, New York: Signet Classics, published by the New American Library, Inc., 1957. English, F. The substitution factor: Rackets and real feelings. Transactional Analysis Journal, 1971, 1(4), Part I. English, F. The substitution factor: Rackets and real feelings. Transactional Analysis Journal, 1972, 1(1), Part II. English, F. Im OK Youre OK for real. Voices, 1976, 12(7). English, F. Im OK Youre OK Adult. Transactional Analysis Journal, 1975, 5(4). English, F. Rackets and racketeering as the root of games. In Roger N. Blakeney (Ed.),Current Issues in Transactional Analysis, New York: Bruner Mazel, 1977. English, F. Episcript and the hot potato game. Transactional Analysis Bulletin, 1969, 8(32). English, F. What makes a good therapist? Transactional Analysis Journal, 1977, 7(2). Fromm, E. Escape from Freedom. New York: Holt, Reinehart and Winston, 1976. Kilduff, M., Javers, R. The suicide cult. New York: Bantam Books, 1978. Krause, C.A., Washington Post Staff. Guyana massacre. New York: Berkeley Publishing Co. 1978. Lerner M. Dominance: Bonds of an encounter group. Newspaper column syndicated, Dec. 1978.

Motivational Theories free essay sample

Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures. 4. Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures. George Elton Mayo (1880 -1949) Mayo had discovered a fundamental concept. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest. Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by: Better communication between managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working lives Working in groups or teams. In practice therefore businesses should re-organise production to encourage greater use of team working and introduce personnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after employees’ interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest George Elton Mayo (1880 -1949) Mayo had discovered a fundamental concept. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest. Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by: Better communication between managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working lives Working in groups or teams. In practice therefore businesses should re-organise production to encourage greater use of team working and introduce personnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after employees’ interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest Leading to Satisfaction- * Achievement * Recognition * Work itself * Responsibility * Advancement * Growth Leading to Satisfaction- * Achievement * Recognition * Work itself * Responsibility * Advancement * Growth Leading to Dissatisfaction- * Company policy * Supervision * Relationship w/Boss amp; Peers * Work conditions * Salary Leading to Dissatisfaction- * Company policy * Supervision * Relationship w/Boss amp; Peers * Work conditions * Salary Frederick Irving Herzberg (1923 –2000) To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Frederick Irving Herzberg (1923 –2000) To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Abraham Harold Maslow (1908  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1970) The Hierarchy of Needs-The hierarchy of human needs model suggests that human needs will only be fulfilled one level at a time. Maslow used the term metamotivation to describe self-actualized people who are driven by innate forces beyond their basic needs, so that they may explore and reach their full human potential Abraham Harold Maslow (1908  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1970) The Hierarchy of Needs-The hierarchy of human needs model suggests that human needs will only be fulfilled one level at a time. Maslow used the term metamotivation to describe self-actualized people who are driven by innate forces beyond their basic needs, so that they may explore and reach their full human potential Principles to increase efficiency; 1. Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers posses, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed. 2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. Principles to increase efficiency; 3. Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers posses, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed.

The Han Dynasty essays

The Han Dynasty essays The Han Dynasty was a one of the most influential Chinese civilizations. This dynasty was from 202 B.C.E. 220 C.E. It began when Liu Bang took over rule from the Qin Dynasty. Another important leader of the Han was Wu Ti. The Han had some of the same laws and regulations as the Qin, but they gradually incorporated Confucian ideals into their Legalist form of government to make them less burdensome. The Hans realized that the Qins extreme Legalistic ideology had not worked and that a bureaucracy was needed for governing the empire. By the end of the Han dynasty, China had about 130,000 bureaucrats, representing 0.2 percent of the population. This brought on a revival of the intellectual life that was suppressed. Government officials were chosen through civil service exams based on Confucianism. These exams covered classics of Chinese literature as well as law. If you passed the test, you could become a government official; if you failed the test you could not be a government official. Schools were established to train the citizens for the examinations. Citizens were also now promoted by merit. This Chinese bureaucracy lasted from the Han period until the twentieth century. This Confucian wa y of ruling Buddhism came from India and became an important religion, however Confucianism became the most used philosophy/religion. Shrines were established to promote worship the ancient philosopher as a god. Under Confucianism, people have respect for others but recognize that others below them are important to life as well. The ruler should also rule by example to keep his people following the laws and doing right. As stated before, Confucian ideals were also a major part of the Hans political ideals. Art of the past served only as a religious purpose. During the Han however, it was replaced by realistic art that portrayed ordinary life. The importance of education became more important as well. ...

Economic Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Policies - Essay Example Such happened after the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) permeated 36 billion yuan (or HK$45.2 billion) to be fed to its banking system via bills and forward bond repurchase agreements which motivated short term loans in the market that was scaled up last month (Reuters, 2013, p. 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). Banking sector current condition While they are hopeful that the money market rates will be normalized by July, but economists began to note that the bond repurchase in seven days slumped to 69 bps to 4.76 % since June, the zenith period for liquidity squeeze (Reuters, 2013, p. 1). The overnight repossession rate dropped 63 bps to 3.79 % and the 14-day rate lurched nearly 100 bps to 5.09% based on reports (Reuters, 2013, p. 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). ... 1; The Economist, 2013, p. 1). Critics pointed that China lacked the capacity exercise the standard monetary policy and governance pointing the lack of better stimulus packages that is best exercised by the Japanese government (The Economist, 2013, p. 1). It is most poised for deleveraging its system noting how its credit system grows expediently than its annual growth domestic product (GDP) (The Economist, 2013, p. 1). The total social financing lowered its ratio hence, affecting its interbank fiscal condition with the cash at critical situation. Need for reform Some critics recommended that structural reform should be undertaken for Chinese banking system, suggesting the need to undertake initiatives to liberalize the interest rates and to raising prices of utilities. The problem is further exacerbated by the heavy public spending and tax cuts (Dobson & Kashyap, 2006, pp. 103-108). Its economy is likewise heavily dependent on exports and its government needs to grapple with its hig h level economic issues with its neighbours and with countries with which they have trading relations (Dobson et al., 2006, pp. 103-108). The credit ratio of the country also scaled up, higher than what they have from its monetary conditions in the past. While it’s admitted that increasing credits for domestic entrepreneurs of China could help improve the resource needs of these small businesses but the returns remained undertrained, and so is the payment (Dobson et al., 2006, pp. 103-108). It is not likewise certain if these entrepreneurs possessed such credit worthiness that would warrant fast and expedient repayment of loans and interests, especially so that most

Piaget's theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Piaget's theory - Essay Example ntelligence was active; and that children are not passive recipients of information, rather that they actively construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the world. Cognitive disequilibrium and the child’s action and interaction with the physical environment fuel the development of the cognitive system towards more advanced psychological structures (Fisher & Lerner, 2004). This paper will evaluate Piaget’s theory of the four stages of cognitive evolution in child development. Further, similarities and differences will be identified between Erikson’s theory and Piaget’s theory of child development, with respect to the development of identity. According to Piaget’s theory, the development of intelligence and cognitive functioning in children progresses through a series of four stages based on age and concurrent biological changes and maturation. This leads to the child demonstrating a higher level of functioning at each successive stage, as compared to the previous stage (Videbeck, 2007). The stages of development are not universal, since cultural differences exist. However, the mechanisms that underlie cognitive development are considered to be universal (Pressley & McCormick, 2007). 1. The sensorimotor stage: This extends from birth to two years. The child develops a sense of self, differentiated from the environment, and develops the concept of object permanence. That is, a perception of the existence of tangible objects even when they are out of sight, that they do 3. The concrete operations stage: Between six to twelve years the child begins to apply logic to thinking, understands spatiality and reversibility, is increasingly social and able to apply rules; however, thinking is still concrete. 4. The formal operations stage: From twelve to fifteen years and beyond, the child learns to think and reason in abstract terms. Further, there is development of logical thinking and reasoning, and the achievement of cognitive maturity in the child

Strengthen the weaknesses of line managers in HR system

Strengthen the weaknesses of line managers in HR system Introduction In Guests (1987) four components of concept of integration in HRM, line managers were argued that they must undertake their responsibilities in terms of HR work by using supports from specialists, which was commented as critical for succeeding in business management. Indeed, line managers play a significant role in organisational strategy, converting HRM to performance and connecting them by individual response (Boaden et al, 2008). In Purcell and Hutchinsons (2007) casual chain theory, line managers were also defined as a role devolving intended HR practices into actuality. Although positing a crucial status in implemental sense, line managers were found a weak link in the devolvement of HR practices. This essay is divided into two parts: Firstly, reviewing previous literatures and empirically analysing the weakness of line managers on the theoretical basis of Marchington and Wilkinsons (2008) view. Secondly, exemplifying ways of strengthening line managements contribution in organisations, by trying to address the problems presented in the first part. Literature Review A large number of previous literatures argue that line managers are the weak link in devolving HR intention into implementation. In Marchington and Wilkinsons (2008) view the weaknesses of line managers can be primarily put into four components: lack of relevant HR skills, disdain for HR work, competing priorities and increased workload, inconsistencies in application of HR functions. In the past, these four weaknesses were also discovered and demonstrated by many researches. From McGovern et als (1997) case study of seven organisations from different sectors, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted after the collection of empirical materials, the fact the low educational and technical skills severely constrained the conversion of HR to line management was exposed in a single case study. According to Maxwell and Watsons (2006) survey in UK Hilton hotels on the level of both line managers and HR specialists, some barriers to line managers involving in HR was examined and the results showed that opinions from HR specialists majorly reckoned lacking of skills in terms of time management, delegation, supporting learning and communication constrained HR to be devolved to line management. While the result also indicated that line managers did not agree with their counterparts in HR departments. Different from McGovern et als (1997) study, the employees views, which were more likely to be objective and reliant, were not collecting in Maxwell and Watso ns (2006) survey. Nonetheless, in the deep interviews with 40 line managers, the involved interviewees did not see themselves as HR experts and thought doing HR work was difficult for them (Renwick, 2003). Also, in Whittaker and Marchingtons (2003) study, it was also argued less skilled and competent line managers were less likely to perform effectively in HR aspects without support from personnel practitioners. In a pilot case study in NHS Trust conducted by Renwick (2000), one clinical director from the line held an old view of HR that they were slow inefficient and made mistakes, surprisingly, a strong hostile description was made as they were awful, just absolutely awful. Regretfully, in this study there was only one case, and, evidence of line managers disdain for HR work was merely from one individual. However, in his research two years later, in all the negative aspects found though interviewing 40 line managers from 3 organisations, line managers admitted that they sometimes slack in completing HR work (Renwick, 2003). Also, an interesting phenomenon in Maxwell and Watsons (2006) survey was the response rate of questionnaire from HR was notably higher than line managers, which more or less indicated line managers were less interested and enthusiastic in HR issues. Many line managers also reckon that the converting too many HR work on them might prevent them from undertaking their own duties (Whittaker and Marchington, 2003). From the investigation in non-clinical managers in NHS Trust the conflicting work priorities exposed that HRM concerns were low on the list of priorities (Boaden et al, 2008). Generally, the competing priorities on the line managers side means they concern more on capturing immediate outcomes. From three groups of organisational constraints in McGovern et als (1997) study, a short-termism was discovered in line management and line managers were less interested in using their time to do activities without an immediate return. Consequently, the greater workload and pressure was generated if line managers were devolved HR functions (Cunningham and Hyman, 1995; Maxwell and Watson, 2006). In Bowens (2004) study, consistency was regarded as a strength of HRM system. However, in practice inconsistencies such as role ambiguity, low efficiency and conflict between line managers and HR specialists often happened. Interesting findings can be extracted in Cunningham and Hymans (1999) research, in which semi-structured interviews and postal questionnaires were conducted in four cases from different industries. The line managers on the one hand were satisfied with the general background suggestions about administrative issues from HR counterparts; on the other hand they commented the HR functional supports from HR specialists in terms of leadership, training and development were poor and even unnecessary. Obviously, due to the inconsistencies, the line managers preferred to be less involved in HR works. Strengthen line management in HR sense As the devolvement of HR functions to line managers is becoming increasingly recognised as important for the raising organisational performance (Guest, 1987; Purcell and Hutchinson, 2007; Boaden et al, 2008), it is essential to strengthen the weaknesses of line managers in HR system mentioned above, which can be regarded as suit the remedy to the case, while the remedy is not particular designed to single weakness but comprehensive as the weaknesses themselves are interacting. From my personal perspective, the central core of strengthening line management in HR sense is to make line managers realise they are responsible for HR and their duties are important. If line managers cannot realise their responsibilities or even disdain for HR work, the direct result might be that they are not inclined to get involved, and therefore difficult to gain their participation (Boaden et al, 2008). However, in many circumstances we found a reason that line managers neglecting such responsibilities as a result of their bad impression on HR work as well as supports HR specialists, which can be categorised as a kind of inconsistency in Marchington and Wilkinsons (2008) classification of line managers weaknesses. Actually, sometimes it is not line managers do not want supports from HR specialists but the supports are poor in their opinions (Cunningham and Hyman, 1999). Therefore, the ways of strengthening the contribution of line managers in HR system, which will be exemplif ied in terms of recruitment and selection, performance management and employee involvement and participation (EIP) in the following paragraphs, can be discussed with HR specialists involved as well. As for recruitment and selection, on the one hand, the internal recruitment for line management roles might be an effective and efficient way to strengthen the contribution of line managers in HR sense. Nowadays, although the ideal situation is that HR functions can be consistently devolved in line management, it seems not so practical for line managers to spend too much time in doing these. The phase time-consuming was used by clinical director from the line to describe new system introduced by HR (Renwick, 2000). The line manager involved in Boaden et als (2008) research might represent a usual notion, I am realistic enough to know where the priority is going to lie at the end of the day. Actually, not only line managers are confronted with short-termism (McGovern et al, 1997) problem, but HR specialists also facing difficulties needing to be addressed soon. In Legges (2005) vicious circle theory, problems happened without getting HR involved, and HR was asked to assist in tacklin g them and give instantly effective supports, which might lead to potential negative impacts in the future. After this process, HR specialists were more likely to be blamed and given less trust in making important decisions. Therefore, the feasible approach introduced here is recruiting and selecting people within the organisations. Specifically, selecting those who have HR working experience or HR special knowledge and skills beforehand, and moving them to the line management work. By doing this, two difficulties may be eased to a large extent in a short time: the disdain for HR work and the deficiency of HR skills. On the other hand, line managers contribution can be enlarged in the conducting recruitment and selection of employees for organisations. That is, clear division of work and responsibilities between line managers and HR specialists. What is more, line managers should be allocated with components related to operational work and special skills of candidates, avoiding spec ialised HR functions that they are difficult to drive. Performance management is an important aspect in which line managers role in HR system should be consolidated, as shown in Cunningham and Hymans (1995) finding that appraisal of subordinates posited the first place in all the main responsibilities of line managers in managing human resources. Example of Selfridge in Purcell and Hutchinsons (2007) can be used to demonstrate the way of improving performance appraisal in line management. In the survey of employees attitudes in Selfridge, the gap between intention and implementation also existed there and over 40 percent of respondents dissatisfied with the performance appraisal system. The comments and suggestions raised by employees, such as consistent approach and regular appraisal for every employee, more recognition from management, getting employees involved and listening to their voice, working closer to employees, brought companys attention. Therefore, measures such as involving company culture into management, refining the line managers role to be more integrated and consistent to the HR system, especially, associating performance appraisal more to career development and opportunities. In Thornhill and Saunders (1998) case study in Newco, a part of large scale organisation in public sector, evidence accumulated exposed that involving and communicating with employees could enhance employees commitment. Therefore, getting employees involved may be an effective way to improve line mangers decision and practices relating to HR. From my personal experience, it was also proved to be making sense. One of my college classmates, who works as a line manager in China Mobile, the most powerful telecommunication company in China, complained to me that the policies and objectives made by managers were always failed to be achieved by employees two months ago. However, last week he told me the situation was better after adopting my suggestion that asking for employees advice and concerning their voice all the time. On the other side, negative effects were generated if integration within management level was insufficient (Thornhill and Saunders, 1998). To resolve this problem, the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory seems to be an appropriate model, in which the inconsistence between line managers and HR specialists are likely to be somewhat eased. Example can be used from Gerstner and Days (1997) meta-analysis, that the LMX was demonstrated to be positively associated with employees performance, to illustrate the effectiveness of this model. Conclusion As demonstrated by many empirical collections, the devolvement of HR functions to line management is significantly affecting the performance of organisations. While line manager was regarded as weak link in HR system, and, the weaknesses can be found in many previous researches and literatures, in categories of Marchington and Wilkinsons (2008) view. Arguably, the line managers role in HR sense can be strengthened and they should be conscious that their new role and new responsibilities are crucial. The internal recruitment and selection of line manager from workers with HR background may reduce the prejudice and technical weakness of line management, and clear division of duties in recruiting and selecting can alleviate the inconsistence between line and HR. Furthermore, example from Selfridge researched by Purcell and Hutchinson (2007) demonstrated how the role of line manager can be consolidated in terms of performance management. Also, the significance and effectiveness of EIP wa s exemplified, and, the LMX model was introduced to consolidate the communication within management level. References 1. Boaden, R et al. (2008) Improving Health through Human Resource Management: The Process of Engagement and Alignment, CIPD. 2. Boselie, P, Dietz, G and Boon, C. (2005) Commonalities and Contradictions in Research on Human Resource Management and Performance, Human Resource Management Journal, 15, 3, 67-94. 3. Bowen, D and Ostroff, C (2004) Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: the role of the strength of the HRM system, Academy of Management Review, 29, 2, 203-221. 4. Caldwell, R (2003) The Changing Roles of Personnel Managers: Old Ambiguities, New Uncertainties, Journal of Management Studies, 40, 4, 983-1004. 5. Cunningham, I and Hyman, J. (1995) Transforming the HRM Vision into Reality: The Role of Line Managers and Supervisors in Implementing Change, Employee Relations, 17, 8, 5-20. 6. Cunningham, I and Hyman, J. (1999) Devolving Human Resource Responsibilities to the Line: Beginning of the End or a New Beginning for Personnel?, Personnel Review, 28, 1/2, 9-27. 7. Currie G and Procter S. (2001) Exploring the Relationship between HR and Middle Managers, Human Resource Management Journal, 11, 3, 53-69. 8. Francis, H and Keegan, A. (2006) The Changing face of HRM: in Search of Balance, Human Resource Management Journal, 16(3), 231-249. 9. Gerstner, C and Day, D. (1997) Meta-analytic Review of Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Correlates and Construct Issues, Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 6, 827-844. 10. Guest, D. (1987) Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Journal of Management Studies, 24, 5, 503-521. 11. Guest D et al. (2003) Human Resource Management and Corporate Performance in the UK, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 41, 2, 291-314. 12. Harris, L. (2001) Rewarding Employee Performance: Line Managers Values, Beliefs and Perspectives, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 7, 1182-1192. 13. Huselid M. (1995) The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity and Corporate Financial Performance, Academy of Management Journal, 38, 3, 635-672. 14. Kang, D and Stewart, J. (2007) Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership and HRD: Development of Units of Theory and Laws of Interaction, Leadership Organisation Development Journal, 28, 6, 531-551. 15. Khilji, S. and Wang, X. (2006) Intended and Implemented HRM: the Missing Linchpin in Strategic HRM Research, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 7, 1171-1189. 16. Legge, K. (2005) Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities. Palgrave Macmillan. 17. Marchington M and Wilkinson A. (2008) Human Resource Management at Work, 4th edition. CIPD. 18. Maxwell, G and Watson, S. (2006) Perspectives on Line Managers in Human Resource Management: Hilton Internationals UK Hotels, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 6, 1152-1170. 19. McGovern, P. et al (1997) Human Resource Management on the Line?, Human Resource Management Journal, 7, 4, 12-29. 20. Perry, E and Kulik, C. (2008) The Devolution of HR to the Line: Implications for Perceptions of People Management Effectiveness, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 2, 262-273. 21. Purcell, J. and Hutchinson, S. (2007) Front-line Managers as Agents in the HRM-performance Causal Chain: Theory, Analysis and Evidence, Human Resource Management Journal, 17, 1, 3-20. 22. Renwick, D. (2000) HR-Line Work Relations: A Review, Pilot Case and Research Agenda, Employee Relations, 22, 2, 179-205. 23. Renwick, D. (2003) Line Manager Involvement in HRM: An inside View, Employee Relations, 25, 3, 262-280. 24. Thornhill, A and Saunders, M. (1998) What if Line Managers dont Realize Theyre Responsible for HR?, Personnel Review, 27, 6, 460-476. 25. Wall, T and Wood, S. (2005) The Romance of HRM and Business Performance, and the Case for Big Science, Human Relations, 58, 4, 429-462. 26. West M et al. (2002) The Link between the Management of Employees and Patient Mortality in Acute Hospitals, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13, 8, 1299-1310. 27. Whittaker S and Marchington M. (2003) Devolving HR Responsibility to the Line: Threat, Opportunity or Partnership, Employee Relations, 25, 3, 245-261.

Congress Essay -- essays research papers

There is a definite need for Congress in the United States. It serves many roles such as making laws, implementing national policy and watching over the other two branches of government. These are just a few of the duties of our U.S. Congress. Although they are essential to our government, there are potential problems. People are not always satisfied with the length of time involved in passing a law as well as the deadlock Congress can experience on an issue. Another potential problem people see with Congress is representation. Not all Americans feel that they are equally represented. The Congress of the United States is viewed by many as the largest branch in government. Some people might even say it is the most important. This is due to the roles Congress pays in our government. Congress is responsible for the lawmaking in our country as well as implementing national policy. The power to make laws was given to Congress by our forefathers when they constructed our constitution. Passing laws is very important to our country because without them we would be living in chaos. Of course, all our laws are not perfect but for the most part our Congress does a good job at keeping this country under control. The problems with lawmaking that most people see is the time involved in getting a law passed. In order for a bill to become a law it must first be introduced to the House or Senate, or both, then referred to a committee. This can be a very time consuming process. Anyone interested in having a law passed must realize the process involved and be patient. In addition to lawmaking Congress is also involved in passing amendments. Our nation has been able to grow and strengthen due to the amendment process. In order for our government to keep up with the changing times it is crucial that we make adjustments to the constitution. The downfall is that the amendments passed have not always kept up with changing times. Arguments against Congress would be that they taken to long in enforcing the amendments. The U.S. Congress must also implement national policy. The Congress must regulate commerce in order to create a prosperous economy. It is up to Congress to monitor the growth of the economy and be ready to act if necessary. Congress has the power to implement monetary policy in which they decrease taxes to induce spending during a slow econo... ... half the nations population are women, but the 102nd Congress had only thirty one women members. In addition, our nation is made up of mostly blue collared workers, yet the most predominant occupation of Congress members are lawyers. With this in mind the Congress must strive to understand and represent the needs of the people. Congress cannot ignore the disadvantage groups that feel unrepresented in the system. Until the enactment of Medicare in 1965, Congress declined to pass health care legislation for the elderly. There will always be people for and people against any branch in government. The reason being, government is not perfect, nor are the people who run it. Laws take time to create and policies take time to be implemented. You cannot deny the fact that regardless of the time involved these procedures are a major and necessary step. Over all Congress does a good job with the roles and duties it is given. When it comes to representation, the vote lies in our hands. We have the power to vote for who we want to represent us. We can make a difference if we get involved in electing those who share the same ideas of the people to make us a better a better nation.

Jarhead Movie Review

A man fires a rifle for many years, and he goes to war. And afterward he turns the rifle in at the armory, and he believes he's finished with the rifle. But no matter what else he might do with his hands; love a woman, build a house, change his son's diaper; his hands remember the rifle. † Jarred is not a war movie about a physical war between countries; it is about an internal war a soldier faces during, and following a physical war in which he is a witness.The main character, Tony Oxfords tells his story starting at boot camp, through the first Gulf war, and shortly after his discharge; in an attempt to give the audience a better understanding of what happens within a soldiers mind as a result of being in combat. It is incredibly hard to imagine the toll that being in the Marine Corps, and being involved in such a situation, could take on your mind and body but this movie makes a really good attempt.Unlike most war movies Jarred does not focus on the enemy or the war at hand, it gives us here at home a little inside look at what the soldiers experience and why their lives and minds are changed forever. Tony shows us how tot camp tore him down and rebuilt him as a killing machine, â€Å"l wanted the pink mist,† he says referring to the splatter of blood seen through the scope of the rifle of a Marine sniper. There are scenes of the soldiers watching the old war movie, Apocalypse Now, following along with the music, and thirsting for the first sight of bloodshed.The soldiers soon get their orders to go overseas and they think that their war is about to begin. When they fly Into the desert and get their orders to guard the oil fields they assume that this Is Just until the war actually begins. When â€Å"their war† anally does begin, Instead of using their carefully honed skills, they are faced with the reality that, unlike the movies they watched with such fascination, foot soldiers are all but useless In our age of technology. They face Inc redible frustration and aggravation playing the waiting game.For Tony's best friend and spotter, Troy, the frustration reaches a boiling point when their one and only opportunity Is quickly taken away by a commanding officer who rather bomb the tower they were scoping out. â€Å"It's our kill! Just let us do It one time, PLEASE,† Troy pleads with the officer as Tony tries to calm him down. The officer calls the Jets to complete the mission and Troy Is reduced to the fetal position, sobbing uncontrollably. It Is a very painful scene to take In. Just to Imagine how frustrated a grown man has to be to succumb to such a state of utter disappointment.In today's society we have all heard of post- traumatic stress disorder (PETS), watching this movie gives the viewer's Insight as to why/what kinds of events transpire that could cause a person to experience PETS. The scene where they come across a traffic Jam that was turned to ash Is very surreal, owe will those soldiers feel when t hey see or are In a traffic Jam once they return home? The final scene shows Tony looking out the window In his apartment back dying; will always be me. We are still In the desert. The director hammers home the basis that Marines are Marines forever, especially In their own minds. Once they witness war they are forever changed, their life Is never the same. Jarred Movie Review By Confederacy war is about to begin. When they fly into the desert and get their orders to guard the oil fields they assume that this is Just until the war actually begins. When â€Å"their war† anally does begin, instead of using their carefully honed skills, they are faced with are all but useless in our age of technology.They face incredible frustration and frustration reaches a boiling point when their one and only opportunity is quickly out. â€Å"It's our kill! Just let us do it one time, PLEASE,† Troy pleads with the officer as Troy is reduced to the fetal position, sobbing uncontrollably . It is a very painful scene to take in. Just to imagine how frustrated a grown man has to be to succumb to such traumatic stress disorder (PETS), watching this movie gives the viewer's insight as toThe scene where they come across a traffic Jam that was turned to ash is very surreal, how will those soldiers feel when they see or are in a traffic Jam once they return home? The final scene shows Tony looking out the window in his apartment back home, seeing nothing but desert, and he quotes, â€Å"And all the Soreheads; killing and dying; will always be me. We are still in the desert. † The director hammers home the basis that Marines are Marines forever, especially in their own minds. Once they witness war they are forever changed, their life is never the same.

Modernism Modernism And Modernism - 901 Words

1. Art has evolved over the last century moving from Modernism to Postmodernism. Modernism s birth is somewhat controversial but our text puts it at 1910. Paul Cezanne, who was closely tied with Cubism, has been credited as one of the fathers of Modernism. A lot was changing during this period which produced a slew of new styles such as, Post Impressionism, Symbolism, and Surrealism to name a few. Modernism thrived from the early 20th century until the period denoted by World War II at which point it fell out of favor. Modernism was characterized by a trust in science/rationalism, celebrating change brought on by the industrial revolution, and a move away from magic and religion. This began to change after World War II when artists began to question how could such a terrible thing could have happened. A new style of art formed which was called Postmodernism, which is believed to have taken hold in the 1980s, where artists rejected science/rationalism, questioned authority, we re critical of progress, examined moral codes, and were skeptical. This new style is better thought of as strategy for making art since it appears in many forms using a wide variety of materials and techniques. It has been described as, â€Å"creating visually interesting, messy, sometimes contrary, and often political images that mock the rules of Modern art.† (Stokstad Cothren 2011) They are like modern day djs taking material from multiple sources and combining them in a unique way toShow MoreRelatedModernism And Modernism : Postmodernism And Postmodernism1632 Words   |  7 PagesModernism is what most people describe as what came before postmodernism. 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This lead to aRead MoreThemes of Modernism859 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of Modernism The term Modernism refers to the shift in values and cultural awareness that appeared in the art and literature of the post- World War One period. Modernism showed that there had been a change since the previous Victorian period. The Victorian era and its literature showed a very optimistic outlook on life, but the new era of Modernism rejected this idea and chose to portray life to be extremely pessimistic. Many of the Modern writers showed the world and society to be in anRead MoreModernism Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesand the understanding of self. They explored the ideas of consciousness, alienation, and inner conflict within the mind, and asked important questions of the reader while testing the boundaries of the soul. 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The reader must take into account that first